Created by Patrick van Nieuwenhuizen.

Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology/introduction-to-hematologic/v/bohr-effect-vs-haldane-effect?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=healthandmedicine

Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology/introduction-to-hematologic/v/how-do-we-make-blood-clots?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=healthandmedicine

Health & Medicine on Khan Academy: No organ quite symbolizes love like the heart. One reason may be that your heart helps you live, by moving ~5 liters (1.3 gallons) of blood through almost 100,000 kilometers (62,000 miles) of blood vessels every single minute! It has to do this all day, everyday, without ever taking a vacation! Now that is true love. Learn about how the heart works, how blood flows through the heart, where the blood goes after it leaves the heart, and what your heart is doing when it makes the sound “Lub Dub.”

About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 100 million people use our platform worldwide every year. For more information, visit www.khanacademy.org, join us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter at @khanacademy. And remember, you can learn anything.

For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything

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Do you remember tripping over as a kid and cutting your knee? And then like magic the bleeding suddenly stops? Have you ever wondered why this happens?

Our body is very clever and produces substances to seal off the open wound.

In this video we are going to look at how and why blood clots.

Clotting prevents us from bleeding to death, and also protects us from nasty disease-causing organisms, called pathogens, entering our body.

When we injure ourselves, we can damage the blood vessels just below our skin. This can cause blood to either leak into our tissue and form a bruise, or, if the skin is broken to openly bleed.

To prevent these horrible things happening, blood clotting occurs.

So let’s have a look at how this happens.

Starting with platelets. These are tiny cell fragments that float around in our blood.

When a blood vessel is damaged, collagen is exposed. This collagen exposure attracts platelets to the injured area. The platelets then stick together to form a plug.

They’ve quickly built a little barrier that stops us from losing too much blood. However, this platelet plug isn’t that strong. So it needs to be made stronger.
A protein called fibrin does exactly that.

In our blood there are soluble fibrinogen proteins. At a wound, these soluble fibrinogen proteins are exposed to outside chemicals that aren’t normally found in blood vessels. Like with the collagen and platelets, this exposure causes the fibrinogen proteins to turn into sticky fibrin fibres.

The fibrin fibres form a mesh, holding all the platelets together and making a much stronger clot.

More platelets, red blood cells and other components in our blood, all get stuck in the mesh making it even stronger. This clot stops more blood escaping the body. And also prevents nasty pathogens entering our body from the outside.

The clot develops into a scab, which protects the wound as it heals and new layers of skin form underneath. So really, all a scab is is just platelets trapped in the fibrin mesh!

When the new skin is fully formed, the scab will fall off, revealing the lovely brand new skin underneath.

Remember that I said the exposure to collagen causes the platelets to stick together? And the exposure to outside chemicals causes the fibrinogen to turn into sticky fibrin?

Both the platelets and the fibrin only become sticky AFTER the exposure. This means that in a normal, healthy blood vessel they won’t randomly cause clots.

So from this video, you should understand the magic of blood clotting. Platelets are first to the scene closely followed by fibrin fibres. Our blood clots so that we don’t lose a lot of blood and don’t let lots of nasty pathogens into our body if we cut ourselves.

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See how smoking wreaks havoc on lung health by comparing the lungs of a healthy nonsmoker versus those of a smoker. This video shows the damage smoking causes to healthy lungs—and explains how much of it can be reversed by quitting smoking. For more information on the American Lung Association’s proven effective Freedom From Smoking program, visit Lung.org/ffs.
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This video is a 4-minute summary of the Determinants of Health! Determinants are factors that can influence a person’s health. While the focus of health interventions has typically been, who people are and what they do, the conditions in which they are born, grow, live, work and age are critically important in determining the health of individuals and communities.

Created by Dr Ranil Appuhamy
Voice over by James Clark

References/Further reading:
1. WHO definition of Health: https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/constitution
2. WHO Social Determinants of Health: https://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/
3. Australia’s Health: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2018/contents/table-of-contents
4. WHO: Country Statistics: https://www.who.int/countries/sle/en/
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Disclaimer: These videos are provided for educational purposes only. Users should not rely solely on the information contained within these videos and is not intended to be a substitute for advice from other relevant sources. The author/s do not warrant or represent that the information contained in the videos are accurate, current or complete and do not accept any legal liability or responsibility for any loss, damages, costs or expenses incurred by the use of, or reliance on, or interpretation of, the information contained in the videos.
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Lissa Rankin, MD is an OB/GYN physician, author, keynote speaker, consultant to health care visionaries, professional artist, and founder of the women’s health and wellness community OwningPink.com. Discouraged by the broken, patriarchal health care system, she left her medical practice in 2007 only to realize that you can quit your job, but you can’t quit your calling. This epiphany launched her on a journey of discovery that led her to become a leader in the field of mind/body medicine, which she blogs about at OwningPink.com and is writing about in her third book Mind Over Medicine: Scientific Proof You Can Heal Yourself (Hay House, 2013).

She teaches both patients and health care professionals how to make the body ripe for miracles by healing the mind and being healthy in all aspects of life, not just by promoting healthy behaviors like good nutrition, exercise, and adequate sleep, but by encouraging health and authenticity in relationships, work, creative expression, spirituality, sexuality, finances, and living environment. She is leading a revolution to feminize how health care is received and delivered by encouraging collaboration, fostering self-healing, reconnecting health care and spirituality, empowering patients to tap into the mind’s power to heal the body, and encouraging women not to settle for being merely well, but to strive for living vital, joyful, authentic lives full of “mojo.”

When not spreading the word, she chills out, paints, does yoga, and hikes in Marin County, CA with her husband and daughter.

Event video by: http://repertoireproductions.com/
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Download the accompanying teacher toolkit from https://www.annafreud.org/wahmhtoolkit It’s free!
We All Have Mental Health is an animation designed to give young people aged 11-14 a common language and understanding of what we mean by mental health and how we can look after it.
It has been created for young people in Key stage 3 and can be used with accompanying teaching resources.

Watch the subtitled version here: https://youtu.be/754__xBsak4
Watch the Behind the scenes video here: https://youtu.be/CnzgNrKRS58
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